Their use has led to the elucidation of many molecules that control cell replication and differentiation, advancing our knowledge of the relationship between molecular structure and function. The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in biomedical research has been and will continue to be important for the identification of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. These larger quantities are used for routine diagnostic procedures and for therapeutic purposes. Large-scale production of mAb is defined, in this context, as over 1 g. Medium-scale quantities (0.1–1 g) are used for production of diagnostic kits and reagents and for efficacy testing of new mAb in animals. Only small amounts of mAb (less than 0.1 g) are required for most research projects and many analytic purposes. The anticipated use of the mAb will determine the amount required ( Marx and others 1997). Modern in vitro methods have increased the success rate to over 90% and have reduced costs. The in vitro tissue-culture method would be widely adopted if it were as familiar and well understood as the mouse ascites method and if it produced the required amount of antibody with every cell line but in vitro methods have been expensive and time-consuming relative to the costs and time required by the mouse ascites method and often failed to produce the required amount of antibody even with skilled manipulation. The mouse ascites method is generally familiar, well understood, and widely available in many laboratories but the mice require careful watching to minimize the pain or distress induced by excessive accumulation of fluid in the abdomen or by invasion of the viscera. Further processing of the mouse ascitic fluid and of the tissue-culture supernatant might be required to obtain mAb with the required purity and concentration. To produce the desired mAb, the cells must be grown in either of two ways: by injection into the peritoneal cavity of a suitably prepared mouse (the in vivo, or mouse ascites, method) or by in vitro tissue culture. The cell lines are produced by fusing B cells from the immunized animal with myeloma cells ( Köhler and Milstein 1975). These antibodies are produced by cell lines or clones obtained from animals that have been immunized with the substance that is the subject of study. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are important reagents used in biomedical research, in diagnosis of diseases, and in treatment of such diseases as infections and cancer.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |